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<title>HiRISE</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HiRISE</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">HiRISE</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">First light</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 10, 2006</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">0.5 m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">64.2 kg (142 lb) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 m (39 ft 4 in) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/">hirise<wbr>.lpl<wbr>.arizona<wbr>.edu</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/HiRISE" class="extiw external" title="commons:HiRISE">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"></td></tr></tbody></table>

</p>

<p><b>High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment</b> is a camera on board the <i><a href="Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> which has been orbiting and studying Mars since 2006. The 65 kg (143 lb), US$40 million instrument was built under the direction of the <a href="University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a>'s <a href="Lunar_and_Planetary_Laboratory" title="Lunar and Planetary Laboratory">Lunar and Planetary Laboratory</a> by <a href="Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.">Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.</a> It consists of a 0.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>m (19.7 in) aperture <a href="Reflecting_telescope" title="Reflecting telescope">reflecting telescope</a>, the largest so far of any <a href="Deep_space_exploration" title="Deep space exploration">deep space</a> mission, which allows it to take pictures of Mars with resolutions of 0.3<span class="nowrap"> </span>m/pixel (1<span class="nowrap"> </span>ft/pixel), resolving objects below a meter across.

</p><p>HiRISE has imaged <a href="Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars exploration rovers</a> on the surface, including the <a href="Opportunity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity rover"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> and the ongoing <a href="Curiosity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiosity rover"><i>Curiosity</i> mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-voa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In the late 1980s, <a href="Meanings_of_minor-planet_names%3A_16001%E2%80%9317000#975" title="Meanings of minor-planet names: 16001–17000">Alan Delamere</a> of <a href="Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace & Technologies</a> began planning the kind of high-resolution imaging needed to support sample return and surface exploration of Mars. In early 2001 he teamed up with Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona to propose such a camera for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), and NASA formally accepted it November 9, 2001.

</p><p>Ball Aerospace was given the responsibility to build the camera and they delivered HiRISE to NASA on December 6, 2004 for integration with the rest of the spacecraft. It was prepared for launch on board the MRO on August 12, 2005, to the cheers of the HiRISE team who were present.

</p>

<p>During the cruise phase of MRO, HiRISE took multiple test shots including several of the <a href="Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and the <a href="Jewel_Box_(star_cluster)" title="Jewel Box (star cluster)">Jewel Box</a> cluster. These images helped to calibrate the camera and prepare it for taking pictures of Mars.

</p><p>On March 10, 2006, MRO achieved Martian orbit and primed HiRISE to acquire some initial images of Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument had two opportunities to take pictures of Mars (the first was on March 24, 2006) before MRO entered aerobraking, during which time the camera was turned off for six months.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasa2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasa2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was turned on successfully on September 27, and took its first high-resolution pictures of Mars on September 29.

</p><p>On October 6, 2006 HiRISE took the first image of <a href="Victoria_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Crater">Victoria Crater</a>, a site which was also under study by the <a href="Opportunity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity rover">Opportunity rover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In February 2007 seven detectors showed signs of degradation, with one IR channel almost completely degraded, and one other showing advanced signs of degradation. The problems seemed to disappear when higher temperatures were used to take pictures with the camera.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasa2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasa2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March, the degradation appeared to have stabilized, but the underlying cause remained unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Shiga2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shiga2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent experiments with the Engineering Model (EM) at Ball Aerospace provided definitive evidence for the cause: contamination in the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) which results in flipping bits to create the apparent noise or bad data in the images, combined with design flaws leading to delivery of poor analog waveforms to the ADCs. Further work showed that the degradation can be reversed by heating the ADCs.

</p><p>On October 3, 2007, HiRISE was turned toward <a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and took a picture of it and the <a href="Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. In the full-resolution color image, Earth was 90 pixels across and the Moon was 24 pixels across from a distance of 142 million km.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On May 25, 2008, HiRISE imaged NASA's <a href="Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Mars Phoenix Lander</a> parachuting down to the surface of Mars. It was the first time that one spacecraft imaged the final descent of another spacecraft onto a planetary body.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_c_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_c-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>By 2010, HiRISE had imaged only about one percent of Mars's surface<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_f_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 2016 the coverage was around 2.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_g_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_g-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed to capture smaller areas at high resolution—other instruments scan much more area to find things like fresh impact craters. MRO's <a href="Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Context Camera (CTX)</a> captured two fresh impact craters (>130 meter each) formed on Mars in late 2021, the largest discovered by MRO. These seismic events were also detected by <a href="InSight" title="InSight">Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight)</a>. The crater in Amazonis Planitia was discovered independently by both missions, while the crater in Tempe Terra was first observed by Insight and then searched for with CTX images.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This identification further allowed development of new techniques by which ice deposits in the future could be characterised by HiRISE color.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On April 1, 2010, NASA released the first images under the <a href="HiWish_program" title="HiWish program">HiWish program</a> in which the public suggested places for HiRISE to photograph. One of the eight locations was Aureum Chaos.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_d_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_d-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first image below gives a wide view of the area. The next two images are from the HiRISE image.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_e_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_e-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The following three images are among the first images taken under the HiWish program. The first is a context image from CTX to show where the HiRISE is looking.

</p>

<div class="gallerytext">THEMIS image of wide view of following HiRISE images. Black box shows approximate location of HiRISE images. This image is just a part of the vast area known as Aureum Chaos. Click on image to see more details.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Aureum_Chaos" title="Aureum Chaos">Aureum Chaos</a>, as seen by HiRISE, under the HiWish program. Image is located in <a href="Margaritifer_Sinus_quadrangle" title="Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle">Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close up view of previous image, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Small round dots are boulders.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_HiRISE_images">Examples of HiRISE images</h2></div>

<p>The following group of images show some significant images taken by the instrument. Some of these hint at possible sources of water for future colonists.

</p>

<div class="gallerytext">Glacier moving out of valley, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Location is <a href="Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus quadrangle</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close view of possible <a href="Pingo" title="Pingo">pingo</a> with scale, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Pingos may contain a core of pure ice.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close view of mantle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Arrows show craters along edge which highlight the thickness of mantle. Mantle may be used as a water source by future colonists. Location is <a href="Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus quadrangle</a>.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Defrosting dunes and ice in troughs of polygons, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">False color view of a Martian <a href="Avalanche" title="Avalanche">avalanche</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close-up of layers in Firsoff Crater, as seen by HiRISE Layers may have been created with the aid of water.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Large group of concentric cracks, as seen by HiRISE, under HiWish program Location is <a href="Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus quadrangle</a>. Cracks were formed by a volcano under ice.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Scalloped terrain, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program The location is the <a href="Casius_quadrangle" title="Casius quadrangle">Casius quadrangle</a>. Studies suggest that there is water-ice in scalloped terrain.</div>

</li>

</ul>

<p>The following set of pictures show first a full image of a scene and then enlargements from parts of it. A program called HiView can be used to produce more detailed views. Some pictures are in color. HiRISE takes a color strip down the middle only.

</p>

<div class="gallerytext">Wide view of large ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close view of ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Box shows size of football field.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close, color view of ridges, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program</div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2></div>

<p>The HiRISE camera is designed to view surface features of Mars in greater detail than has previously been possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Alan2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alan2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has provided a closer look at fresh Martian craters, revealing <a href="Alluvial_fans" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial fans">alluvial fans</a>, viscous flow features and ponded regions of pitted materials containing breccia clast.<sup id="cite_ref-NTRS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTRS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows for the study of the age of Martian features, looking for landing sites for future Mars landers, and in general, seeing the Martian surface in far greater detail than has previously been done from orbit. By doing so, it is allowing better studies of Martian channels and valleys, volcanic landforms, possible former lakes and oceans, sand dune fields such as <a href="Hagal_dune_field" title="Hagal dune field">Hagal</a> and <a href="Nili_Patera_dune_field" title="Nili Patera dune field">Nili Patera</a>, and other surface landforms as they exist on the Martian surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_h_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_h-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The general public is allowed to request sites for the HiRISE camera to capture (see <a href="HiWish_program" title="HiWish program">HiWish</a>). For this reason, and due to the unprecedented access of pictures to the general public, shortly after they have been received and processed, the camera has been termed "The People's Camera".<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_i_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_i-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pictures can be viewed online, downloaded, or with the free HiView software.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

<p>HiRISE was designed to be a high resolution camera from the beginning. It consists of a large mirror, as well as a large <a href="Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> camera. Because of this, it achieves a <a href="Angular_resolution" title="Angular resolution">resolution</a> of 1 <a href="Radian" title="Radian">microradian</a>, or 0.3 meter at a height of 300 km. (For comparison purposes, satellite images on <a href="Google_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Mars">Google Mars</a> are available to 1 meter.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_j_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_j-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) It can image in three color bands, 400–600 nm (<a href="Blue" title="Blue">blue</a>–<a href="Green" title="Green">green</a> or B–G), 550–850 nm (<a href="Red" title="Red">red</a>) and 800–1,000 nm (<a href="Near_infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near infrared">near infrared</a> or NIR).<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_k_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_k-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>HiRISE incorporates a 0.5-meter primary mirror, the largest optical telescope ever sent beyond Earth's orbit. The mass of the instrument is 64.2 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_l_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_l-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Red color images are at 20,048 <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a> wide (6 km in a 300 km orbit), and blue-green and NIR are at 4,048 pixels wide (1.2 km). These are gathered by 14 CCD sensors, <span class="nowrap">2048 × 128 pixels</span>. HiRISE's onboard computer reads out these lines in time with the orbiter's <a href="Ground_speed" title="Ground speed">ground speed</a>, meaning the images are potentially unlimited in height. Practically this is limited by the onboard computer's <span class="nowrap">28 <a href="Gigabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit">Gbit</a></span> (<span class="nowrap">3.5 GB</span>) memory capacity. The nominal maximum size of red images (compressed to 8 bits per pixel) is about 20,000 × 126,000 pixels, or 2520 <a href="Megapixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapixel">megapixels</a> and 4,000 × 126,000 pixels (504 megapixels) for the narrower images of the B–G and NIR bands. A single uncompressed image uses up to 28<span class="nowrap"> </span>Gbit. However, these images are transmitted compressed, with a typical maximum size of 11.2 gigabits. These images are released to the general public on the HiRISE website via a new format called <a href="JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_m_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_m-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ref_n_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_n-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>To facilitate the mapping of potential landing sites, HiRISE can produce stereo pairs of images from which the topography can be measured to an accuracy of 0.25 meter.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images_naming_conventions">Images naming conventions</h2></div>

<p>HiRISE images are available to the public, and are named according to the following rules:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<li>ppp_oooooo_tttt_ffff_c.IMG</li>

<li>ppp = Mission Phase:

<ul><li>INT = Integration and Testing</li>

<li>CAL = Calibration Observations</li>

<li>ATL = ATLO Observations</li>

<li>KSC = Kennedy Space Center Observations</li>

<li>SVT = Sequence Verification Test</li>

<li>LAU = Launch</li>

<li>CRU = Cruise Observations</li>

<li>APR = Mars Approach Observations</li>

<li>AEB = Aerobraking Phase</li>

<li>TRA = Transition Phase</li>

<li>PSP = Primary Science Orbit (nov 2006–nov 2008)</li>

<li>REL = Relay phase</li>

<li>E01 = 1st Extended Mission Phase if needed</li>

<li>Exx = Additional extended Missions if needed</li></ul></li>

<li>oooooo = MRO orbit number</li>

<li>tttt = Target code</li>

<li>ffff Filter/CCD designation:</li>

<li>RED0-RED9 – Red filter CCDs</li>

<li>IR10-IR11 – Near-Infrared filter CCDs</li>

<li>BG12-BG13 – Blue-Green filter CCDs</li>

<li>c = Channel number of CCD (0 or 1)</li></ul>

<p>The target code refers to the latitudinal

position of the center of the planned

observation relative to the start of orbit.

The start of orbit is located at the equator

on the descending side (night side) of the

orbit. A target code of 0000 refers to the

start of orbit. The target code increases in

value along the orbit track ranging from 0000

to 3595. This convention allows the file name

ordering to be time sequential. The first

three digits refers to the number of whole

degrees from the start of orbit, the fourth

digit refers to the fractional degrees rounded

to the nearest 0.5 degrees. Values greater

than 3595 identify observations as off-Mars or

special observations.

</p><p>Examples of target code:

</p>

<ul><li>0000 – planned observation at the equator on descending side of orbit.</li>

<li>0900 – planned observation at the south pole.</li>

<li>1800 – planned observation at the equator on the ascending side (day side) of the orbit.</li>

<li>2700 – planned observation at the north pole.</li></ul>

<p>Off-Mars and Special Observations Values:

</p>

<ul><li>4000 – Star Observation</li>

<li>4001 – Phobos Observation</li>

<li>4002 – Deimos Observation</li>

<li>4003 – Special Calibration Observation</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div>

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</ol></div>

<ul><li><a href="Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">Long Range Reconnaissance Imager</a> (Telescope imager on New Horizon probe)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photos_by_HiRISE" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Photos by HiRISE">Photos by HiRISE</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uahirise.org/">HiRISE official website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beautifulmars.tumblr.com">BeautifulMars Tumblr from HiRISE</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasaclickworkers.com/classic/hirise.html">Help NASA categorize images taken by HiRISE</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global-data.mars.asu.edu/bin/hirise.pl">Browse Map of Images</a> from <a href="Arizona_state_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona state university">ASU</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511160159/http://hirise.seti.org/epo/hirise_lesson1.htm">How HiRISE Works – Lesson One: Camera Basics</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511230714/http://hirise.seti.org/epo/hirise_lesson2.htm">How HiRISE Works – Lesson Two: Resolution and Binning</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uahirise.org/epo/made-with-hirise/">Multimedia created with HiRISE imagery/data</a> by Seán Doran and Kevin Gill; see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/seandoran/albums/72157677092175301">Seán Doran's Flickr album #1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/seandoran/albums/72157706433219981">#2</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/albums/72157672232042205">Kevin Gill's Flickr album</a> and a longer YouTube videos by S.D. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_geeog42mk"><i>Red Planet Rise</i></a>) and K.G. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HbWOiVYN7M"><i>Flights of Desolation</i></a>)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="CRISM" class="mw-redirect" title="CRISM">CRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="SHARAD" title="SHARAD">SHARAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Color_Imager" title="Mars Color Imager">MARCI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Timeline of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Timeline of MRO</a></li>

<li><a href="HiWish_program" title="HiWish program">HiWish program</a></li>

<li><a href="Evidence_of_water_on_Mars_found_by_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Evidence of water on Mars found by MRO</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_Deep_Space_Transponder" title="Small Deep Space Transponder">Small Deep Space Transponder</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mars381" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mars381" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Outline_of_Mars" title="Outline of Mars">Outline of Mars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Areography" title="Areography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Atmosphere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mars_general_circulation_model" title="Mars general circulation model">Circulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_of_Mars" title="Climate of Mars">Climate</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_dust_devils" title="Martian dust devils">Dust devil tracks</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_methane_on_Mars" title="Natural methane on Mars">Methane</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_terrae_on_Mars" title="List of terrae on Mars">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra">Arabia Terra</a></li>

<li><a href="Cerberus_(Mars)" title="Cerberus (Mars)">Cerberus (Mars)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Eridania_Lake" title="Eridania Lake">Eridania Lake</a></li>

<li><a href="Iani_Chaos" title="Iani Chaos">Iani Chaos</a></li>

<li><a href="Olympia_Undae" title="Olympia Undae">Olympia Undae</a></li>

<li><a href="Planum_Australe" title="Planum Australe">Planum Australe</a></li>

<li><a href="Planum_Boreum" title="Planum Boreum">Planum Boreum</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">Quadrangles</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinus_Meridiani" title="Sinus Meridiani">Sinus Meridiani</a></li>

<li><a href="Tempe_Terra" title="Tempe Terra">Tempe Terra</a></li>

<li><a href="Terra_Cimmeria" title="Terra Cimmeria">Terra Cimmeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Terra_Sabaea" title="Terra Sabaea">Terra Sabaea</a></li>

<li><a href="Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_extraterrestrial_dune_fields" title="List of extraterrestrial dune fields">Undae</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Polar_Lander#Landing_zone" title="Mars Polar Lander">Ultimi Scopuli</a></li>

<li><a href="Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_surface_features_of_Mars" title="Common surface features of Mars">Physical<br>features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Martian_canals" title="Martian canals">"Canals"</a> (<a href="List_of_Martian_canals" title="List of Martian canals">list</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Chasma#Mars" title="Chasma">Canyons</a></li>

<li><a href="Crater_chain" title="Crater chain">Catenae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaos_terrain" title="Chaos terrain">Chaos terrain</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_craters_on_Mars" title="List of craters on Mars">Craters</a></li>

<li><a href="Fossa_(planetary_nomenclature)" title="Fossa (planetary nomenclature)">Fossae</a></li>

<li><a href="Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li>

<li><a href="Mensa_(geology)" title="Mensa (geology)">Mensae</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_nomenclature#Descriptor_terms_(feature_types)" title="Planetary nomenclature">Labyrinthi</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mountains_on_Mars" title="List of mountains on Mars">Mountains</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_mountains_on_Mars" title="List of mountains on Mars">by height</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">Observed rocks</a></li>

<li><a href="Outflow_channels" title="Outflow channels">Outflow channels</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_plains_on_Mars" title="List of plains on Mars">Plains</a></li>

<li><a href="Valley_network_(Mars)" title="Valley network (Mars)">Valley network</a></li>

<li><a href="Vallis_(planetary_geology)" title="Vallis (planetary geology)">Valleys</a></li>

<li><a href="Gravity_of_Mars" title="Gravity of Mars">Gravity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brain_terrain" title="Brain terrain">Brain terrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbonates_on_Mars" title="Carbonates on Mars">Carbonates</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_areas_of_chaos_terrain_on_Mars" title="List of areas of chaos terrain on Mars">Chaos terrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_surface_color" title="Mars surface color">Color</a></li>

<li><a href="Composition_of_Mars" title="Composition of Mars">Composition</a></li>

<li><a href="Concentric_crater_fill" title="Concentric crater fill">Concentric crater fill</a></li>

<li><a href="Dark_slope_streak" title="Dark slope streak">Dark slope streak</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_dichotomy" title="Martian dichotomy">Dichotomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Fretted_terrain" title="Fretted terrain">Fretted terrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Geysers_on_Mars" title="Geysers on Mars">Geysers</a></li>

<li><a href="Glaciers_on_Mars" title="Glaciers on Mars">Glaciers</a></li>

<li><a href="Groundwater_on_Mars" title="Groundwater on Mars">Groundwater</a></li>

<li><a href="Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li>

<li><a href="Lakes_on_Mars" title="Lakes on Mars">Lakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_lava_tube" title="Martian lava tube">Lava tubes</a></li>

<li><a href="Lobate_debris_apron" title="Lobate debris apron">Lobate debris apron</a></li>

<li><a href="Marsquake" title="Marsquake">Marsquake</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Meteorites</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Martian_meteorites" title="List of Martian meteorites">on Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Mud_cracks_on_Mars" title="Mud cracks on Mars">Mud cracks</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Polar_Basin_(Mars)" title="North Polar Basin (Mars)">North Polar Basin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_ocean_theory" title="Mars ocean theory">Ocean theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Ore_resources_on_Mars" title="Ore resources on Mars">Ore resources</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_polar_ice_caps" title="Martian polar ice caps">Polar caps</a>

<ul><li><a href="True_polar_wander_on_Mars" title="True polar wander on Mars">polar wander</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Recurring slope lineae (RSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ring_mold_crater" title="Ring mold crater">Ring mold craters</a></li>

<li><a href="Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cones</a></li>

<li><a href="Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Seasonal flows</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Spherules</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_surface" title="Martian surface">Surface</a></li>

<li><a href="Swiss_cheese_features" title="Swiss cheese features">"Swiss cheese" feature</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrain_softening" title="Terrain softening">Terrain softening</a></li>

<li><a href="Tharsis#Location_and_Size" title="Tharsis">Tharsis bulge</a></li>

<li><a href="Volcanism_on_Mars" title="Volcanism on Mars">Volcanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">Water</a></li>

<li><a href="Yardangs_on_Mars" title="Yardangs on Mars">Yardangs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geological_history_of_Mars" title="Geological history of Mars">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazonian_(Mars)" title="Amazonian (Mars)">Amazonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hesperian" title="Hesperian">Hesperian</a></li>

<li><a href="Noachian" title="Noachian">Noachian</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Mars_observation" title="History of Mars observation">Observation history</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars" title="Classical albedo features on Mars">Classical albedo features</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Astronomy_on_Mars" title="Astronomy on Mars">Astronomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a>

<ul><li><a href="Stickney_(crater)" title="Stickney (crater)">Stickney crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Limtoc" title="Limtoc">Limtoc crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Phobos_monolith" title="Phobos monolith">Monolith</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a>

<ul><li><a href="Swift_(Deimian_crater)" title="Swift (Deimian crater)">Swift crater</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltaire_(crater)" title="Voltaire (crater)">Voltaire crater</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">Transits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Solar_eclipses_on_Mars" title="Solar eclipses on Mars">Solar eclipses on Mars</a></li>

<li>Satellite transits

<ul><li><a href="Transit_of_Phobos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Phobos from Mars">Phobos</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_of_Deimos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Deimos from Mars">Deimos</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Planetary transits

<ul><li><a href="Transit_of_Earth_from_Mars" title="Transit of Earth from Mars">Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_of_Mercury_from_Mars" title="Transit of Mercury from Mars">Mercury</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_events_on_Mars" title="Impact events on Mars">Impacts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars-crossers</a>

<li><a href="Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Trojans</a>

<ul><li><a href="5261_Eureka" title="5261 Eureka">5261 Eureka</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Orbit_of_Mars" title="Orbit of Mars">Orbit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li>

<li><a href="Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li>

<li><a href="Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">Artificial objects on Mars</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_extraterrestrial_memorials#Mars" title="List of extraterrestrial memorials">Memorials on Mars</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mars_in_fiction" title="Mars in fiction">Fiction</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_films_set_on_Mars" title="List of films set on Mars">List of films set on Mars</a></li>

<li><a href="Martian_scientist" title="Martian scientist">Martian scientist</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mythology</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sub-Earth" title="Sub-Earth">Sub-Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Timekeeping_on_Mars" title="Timekeeping on Mars">Timekeeping on Mars</a>

<li><a href="Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian calendar</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ASolar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_telescopes302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_telescopes302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space telescopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chang'e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1994)</span></li>

<li><a href="Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2025)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1990)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2009)</span></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2012)</span></li>

<li><a href="Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br>or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1997)</span></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2011)</span></li>

<li><a href="Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2025)</span></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2027)</span></li>

<li><a href="JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2028)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2028)</span></li>

<li><a href="ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2029)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2030)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2030+)</span></li>

<li><a href="LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2032)</span></li>

<li><a href="Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2033)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2035)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li>

<li>Astro-1 Telescope</li>

<li><a href="AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li>

<li><a href="Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li>

<li><a href="Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li>

<li><a href="FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li>

<li><a href="Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li>

<li><a href="Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li>

<li><a href="2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li>

<li><a href="FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li>

<li>Solar-D</li>

<li><a href="Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li>

<li><a href="THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li>

<li><a href="Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1964)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li>

<li><a href="ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990)</span>

<ul><li><a href="Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li>

<li><a href="STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li>

<li><a href="CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1961)</span></li>

<li><a href="EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li>

<li><a href="GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li>

<li><a href="INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2002–2025)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li>

<li><a href="LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a>

<li><a href="Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1971)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1973)</span></li>

<li><a href="PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li>

<li><a href="PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li>

<li><a href="Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li>

<li><a href="Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li>

<li><a href="Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1959)</span></li>

<li><a href="Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1976)</span></li>

<li><a href="ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li>

<li><a href="Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li>

<li><a href="Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li>

<li><a href="SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li>

<li><a href="TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li>

<li><a href="X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Deep_Sky" title="Deep Sky">Deep Sky</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Unknown%3A_Cosmic_Time_Machine" title="Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine">Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Space telescopes</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=HiRISE&oldid=1292094324">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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